Cisco HSRP的配置双机热备经典案例

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2008-1-15

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配置基本HSRP例子：

提问 "当主用路由器当掉以后备份路由器可以接管主用路由器的IP地址和MAC地址

回答

    Router1：
    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1
    Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#
    Router2：
    Router2#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
    Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.0
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110 (默认priority is 100)
    Router2(config-if)#exit
    Router2(config)#end
    Router2#

注释由于HSRP虚拟出来的MAC地址跟组相关，所以可能会出现同一交换机收到多个相同的MAC地址的情况，这时候就需要用standby 1 mac-address 0000.0c07.ad01 命令来人工指定一个MAC地址

提问强制某个路由器启动后一直在组中处于主用状态

回答

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#
    Router2#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt       delay 60 (最好有时延)
    Router2(config-if)#exit
    Router2(config)#end
    Router2#

注释正常情况下当LAN端口up后就会发生强占，而此时可能网络还没有收敛，所以建议配置强占延迟时间，让路由器启动后过一段时间再发起强占standby 1 preempt delay 60

22.3. 配置HSRP对接口问题追踪的支持

提问当主用路由器的上联端口出现问题后主动切换到备用路由器

回答

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track Serial0/0 20
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#

从12.2(15)T后引入更多可追踪实例

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#track 11 interface Serial1/1 ip routing
    Router1(config-track)#exit
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track 11 decrement 50
    Router1(config-if)#end
    Router1#

注释 Router1#show track

    Track 11
     Interface Serial1/1 ip routing
     IP routing is Down (hw admin-down, ip disabled)
      1 change, last change 00:12:48
     Tracked by:
       HSRP FastEthernet0/0 1
    22.4.    HSRP负载均衡

提问在两台或者多台HSRP路由器上实现流量的负载均衡

回答

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
    Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2
    Router1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 110
    Router1(config-if)#standby 2 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#
    Router2#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0
    Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.4 255.255.255.0
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110
    Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2
    Router2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 120
    Router2(config-if)#standby 2 preempt
    Router2(config-if)#exit
    Router2(config)#end
    Router2#

注释由于出现两个网关，所以需要在终端设备上分开配置各自的缺省网关。

22.5. HSRP中ICMP重定向

提问在HSRP中启用ICMP重定向

回答

    Router2#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
    Router2(config-if)#no ip redirects
    Router2(config-if)#standby redirects disable
    Router2(config-if)#exit
    Router2(config)#end
    Router2#

注释

22.6. 调整HSRP定时器

提问调整备份路由器接管主用路由器所需时长

回答

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
    Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers 1 3
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#

注释缺省Hello包时长为3秒，10秒后会接管，如果主用路由器调整时长，整个组内的路由器都要调整为相同的时长。最短可以到达毫秒Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers msec 100 msec 300

22.7. 在令牌环网络中使用HSRP

提问在令牌环网络中配置HSRP

回答

如果只用IP协议配置同前面例子，如果还有其他协议，特别是使用了source-route bridging就用下面的配置方法

    Router1#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router1(config)#interface Tokenring0
    Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3
    Router1(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1
    Router1(config-if)#standby use-bia
    Router1(config-if)#standby priority 120
    Router1(config-if)#standby preempt
    Router1(config-if)#exit
    Router1(config)#end
    Router1#
    Router2#configure terminal
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.    End with CNTL/Z.
    Router2(config)#interface Tokenring0
    Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2
    Router2(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1
    Router2(config-if)#standby use-bia
    Router2(config-if)#standby priority 110
    Router2(config-if)#standby preempt
    Router2(config-if)#exit
    Router2(config)#end
    Router2#