首页 | 互联网 | IT动态 | IT培训 | Cisco | Windows | Linux | Java | .Net | Oracle | 软件测试 | C/C++ | 嵌入式开发 | 存储世界 | 服务器
网络设备 | IDC | 安全 | 求职招聘 | 数字网校 | 网页设计 | 平面设计 | 技术专题 | 电子书下载 | 教学视频 | 源码下载 | 搜索 | 博客 | 论坛
欢迎光临中国IT实验室思科频道
Google
您现在的位置: 中国IT实验室 >> Cisco >> 网络管理 >> 故障排除 >> 正文

OSPF故障排除实例分析


  实例一 网络类型不一致
  配置如下表所示:
   
  ROUTE1#show ip ospf interface serial 1
  
  Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
  
   Process ID 20, Router ID 10.1.2.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 64
  
   Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
  
   Designated Router (ID) 10.1.2.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
  
   Backup Designated router (ID) 10.1.1.2, Interface address 10.1.1.2
  
   Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
  
  Hello due in 00:00:08
  
   Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
  
  Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.1.2 (Backup Designated Router)
  
   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
  ROUTE2#show ip ospf interface serial 1/1
  
  Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Internet Address 10.1.1.2/24, Area 0
  
   Process ID 20, Router ID 10.1.1.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  
   Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  
   Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
  
  Hello due in 00:00:02
  
   Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
  
  Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.2.1
  
   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
  从上面可以看出,路由器Router1是配置broadcast模式,而路由器Roure2配置成点对点模块。这种网络类型的不匹配,导致了路由通告的不可达。
  
  ROUTE1#show ip ospf database router 10.1.1.2
  
   Adv Router is not-reachable
  
   LS age: 418
  
   Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  
   LS Type: Router Links
  
   Link State ID: 10.1.1.2
  
   Advertising Router: 10.1.1.2
  
   LS Seq Number: 80000002
  
   Checksum: 0xFA63
  
   Length: 60
  
  Number of Links: 3
  
  Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
  
  (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 10.1.2.1
  
  (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.1.2
  
  Number of TOS metrics: 0
  
  TOS 0 Metrics: 64
  
  Link connected to: a Stub Network
  
  (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.1.1.0
  
  (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
  
  Number of TOS metrics: 0
  
  TOS 0 Metrics: 64
  
  ROUTE2#show ip ospf database router 10.1.2.1
  
   Adv Router is not-reachable
  
   LS age: 357
  
   Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  
   LS Type: Router Links
  
   Link State ID: 10.1.2.1
  
   Advertising Router: 10.1.2.1
  
   LS Seq Number: 8000000A
  
   Checksum: 0xD4AA
  
   Length: 48
  
  Number of Links: 2
  
   Link connected to: a Transit Network
  
   (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.1.1.1
  
   (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.1.1
  
   Number of TOS metrics: 0
  
   TOS 0 Metrics: 64
  
  可以看出,对于子网10.1.1.0/24, 路由器ROUTE2产生一个点对点连接,而路由器Router2则产生一个透过的连接,这就在链路状态数据库中产了不一致,从而导致路由信息不会出现在路由表中。
  
  ROUTE2#show ip route
  
  10.1.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
  
  C    10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
  
  C    10.1.3.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
  
  解决方案:
  
  为了解决这个问题,需要将两边的网络类型配置为一致。既可以将Router1上的网络类型改为点对点,也可以将Router2上的网络类型改为broadcast.在这个例子中我们将Router1上的网络类型修改为点对点类型。
  
  ROUTE1#configure terminal
  
  ROUTE1(config)#interface serial 1
  
  ROUTE1(config-if)#no ip ospf network broadcast
  
  ROUTE1(config-if)#end
  
  ROUTE1#show ip ospf interface serial 1
  
   Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
  
   Process ID 20, Router ID 10.1.2.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  
   Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  
   Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
  
  Hello due in 00:00:04
  
   Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
  
   Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.1.2
  
   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
  至此,故障排除。
  
  需要注意的是,如果有一端的接口是多接口,而另一端是子接口,那么需要将两边都修改为broadcast接口。
  
  实例二、一端Unnumbered另一端Numbered
  配置如下表:
  
   ROUTER1#show interface serial 1
  
  Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Hardware is cxBus Serial
  
   Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Loopback0 (10.1.2.1)
  
  ROUTER2#show interface serial 1/1
  
  Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Hardware is cxBus Serial
  
   Internet address is 10.1.1.2/24
  
  上面的输出显示出ROUTER1的Serial 1接口是个unnumbered 接口,使用Loopback0的地址,而ROUTER2的Serial 1/1则配置有IP地址。
  
  ROUTER1#show ip ospf interface serial 1
  
  Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Internet Address 0.0.0.0/24, Area 0
  
   Process ID 20, Router ID 10.1.2.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  
   Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  
   Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
  
  Hello due in 00:00:02
  
   Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
  
  Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.1.2
  
   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
  ROUTER2#show ip ospf interface serial 1/1
  
  Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
  
   Internet Address 10.1.1.2/24, Area 0
  
   Process ID 20, Router ID 10.1.1.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  
   Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  
   Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
  
  Hello due in 00:00:02
  
   Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
  
  Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.2.1
  
   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
  从上面可以看出,两边的网络类型都是点对点的,出现问题的原因是一边是unnumbered 而另一边则配置有IP地址,这就造成了OSPF数据库中的不一致。
  
  ROUTER1#show ip ospf database router 10.1.1.2
  
   Adv Router is not-reachable
  
   LS age: 418
  
   Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  
   LS Type: Router Links
  
   Link State ID: 10.1.1.2
  
   Advertising Router: 10.1.1.2
  
   LS Seq Number: 80000002
  
   Checksum: 0xFA63
  
   Length: 60
  
  Number of Links: 3
  
  Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
  
  (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 10.1.2.1
  
  (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.1.2
  
  Number of TOS metrics: 0
  
  TOS 0 Metrics: 64
  
  ROUTER2#show ip ospf database router 10.1.2.1
  
   Adv Router is not-reachable
  
   LS age: 357
  
   Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  
   LS Type: Router Links
  
   Link State ID: 10.1.2.1
【责编:admin】
文章评论
相关产品和培训
 友情推荐精华
 专题推荐

 ·节省成本才是“王道” VOIP案例应用…
 ·巧用网络流量 打造健康内网…
 ·无线路由器设置从入门到精通
 ·企业网管如何部署你的网络监控系统?
 ·负载均衡技术方案攻略
 ·中国IT实验室2007年技术热点盘点
 ·利用路由实现VPN的配置方法
 ·让你的局域网网速更上一层楼
 ·小命令大作用---Ping
 ·OSPF路由协议专题
 今日更新
· 慎用没有免疫安全功能的路由器
· 电磁泄漏 也是网络系统隐形杀手?
· WCDMA系统建设规划初期的关键要素
· 网络拥塞鲜为人知的三个原因
· 实战:Sniffer捕获城域网中异常数据
· 吃“番茄”让企业无线内网事半功倍
· 思科“统一通信”创造全新应用体验
· 网管必备技能 无线网络安全十要诀
· 让你认识最快的远程控制软件Radmin
· 传送网技术的几个关键问题
 认证培训
 频道精选
· 新版CCNA考试大纲 07年8月1日生效
· 新手学习宝典:Linux常用命令全集
· 知已知彼,深入了解系统安全知识
· 从入门到精通 java初学者实践系列教程
· 共同学习——Oracle入门基础专题
· ADO.net与PowerBuilder的综合比较
· 评论:中国互联网“钱”途何在?
· 中科院:龙芯要成"中国奔腾" 能卖1亿颗
 思科频道导航
资讯动态
解决方案
组网方案 | 配置实例 | 案例分析
综合技术
多播 | MPLS | VOIP | Qos | 传输介质
路由技术
路由配置 | 路由应用 | IOS | 路由基础
交换技术
交换基础 | 三层交换 | 配置 | 交换故障
网络管理
VLan | 网管 | 故障排除 | 布线
网络协议
OSPF | RIP | TCP/IP | 其他协议
安全技术
VPN | 防火墙 | 攻防 | ACL | 安全 | IDS
无线技术
802.11 | WLAN | 无线通信